Interpersonal forgiveness: validation of the Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI-30) in aSpanish sample / Perdón interpersonal: validación del Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI-30) en una muestra española

Antecedentes: Diversos estudios demuestran la relevancia del per-dón interpersonal tras una ofensa para mejorar la salud y el bienestar. A pe-sar de su importancia, es evidente la falta de instrumentos de evaluación del perdón adaptados al contexto español. El Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI-30) es el instrumento que operacionaliza uno de los modelos teóricos más asentados y reconocidos en el área del perdón a nivel mundial. El obje-tivo del presente estudio es adaptar el EFI-30 a la población española y re-visar suspropiedades psicométricas. Método: 426 estudiantes de grado y más-ter (98 hombres y 328 mujeres) con edades entre 18 y 30 años (M= 21.24; DE= 2.91), completaron el EFI-30 tras su adaptación, así como Trans-gression Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory (TRIM-18), Reme-dial Strategies Scale (RSS) y Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Resultados: El Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio indicó buen ajuste a la estructura original de seis factores (CFI=.91, TLI=.90, IFI=.91, RMSEA= .067). La fiabilidad de las subescalas y del instrumento general fue buena, similar a la versión original. Los resultados mostraron adecuada validez convergente y de criterio. Conclusiones:EFI-30 muestra adecuadas propiedades psicométricas en un contexto español, siendo una medida apropiada para evaluar el perdón interpersonal de una ofensa especifica en al ámbito de la investigación e intervención clínica.(AU)

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated the im-portance of interpersonal forgiveness after a specific offense for improving the health and well-being of individuals. Despite its importance, there is an evident lack of forgiveness evaluation instruments adapted to the Spanish context. The Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI-30) is the questionnaire that implements one of themost establishedand recognized theoretical models in thearea offorgiveness. The aim of the present study is to adapt the EFI-30 for the Spanish population and evaluate its psychometric prop-erties. Method: A sample of 426 undergraduate and graduate students (98 men, 328 women) aged from 18 to 30 years (M= 21.24; SD=2.91), com-pleted the EFI-30 after its adaptation to the Spanishcontext, as well as the Transgression Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory (TRIM-18), the Remedial Strategies Scale (RSS) and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: The Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed a good fit tothe original six-factor structure (CFI=.91, TLI=.90, IFI=.91, RMSEA= .067). The reliability of these subscales and the instrument was similar to the original version. The results showed adequate criteria and convergent validity. Conclusions:The EFI-30 shows adequatepsycho-metric properties within the Spanish context and is an appropriate instru-ment for evaluating interpersonal forgiveness of a specific offense in re-search and clinical intervention.(AU)

Explaining happiness trends in Europe.

In Europe, differences among countries in the overall change in happiness since the early 1980s have been due chiefly to the generosity of welfare state programs-increasing happiness going with increasing generosity and declining happiness with declining generosity. This is the principal conclusion from a time-series study of 10 Northern, Western, and Southern European countries with the requisite data. In the present study, cross-section analysis of recent data gives a misleading impression that economic growth, social capital, and/or quality of the environment are driving happiness trends, but in the long-term, time-series data, these variables have no relation to happiness.

Impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en los síntomas de salud mental y actuaciones de fisioterapia / Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health symptoms and physiotherapy actions

No disponible

Retirement Trajectories in Countries with Flexible Retirement Policies but Different Welfare Regimes.

We examine how both the welfare regime and health affect retirement trajectories in countries with flexible retirement policies using longitudinal methods and harmonized panel data from two social-democratic (Sweden and Denmark) and two liberal welfare regimes (Chile and the United States). An early retirement trajectory, which represents retirement in the early 60s, is the most frequent in all countries, although it is less prevalent in liberal than in social-democratic regimes. Adverse health conditions are more frequent among early retirees in liberal but not in social-democratic regimes. Overall, we do not find evidence for an inciting effect of flexible retirement policies on working life extension. However, welfare regimes substantially affect late-life labor force participation.

Evaluación del impacto de un plan multisectorial de promoción de la salud y el bienestar social en Andalucía / Impact assessment of a multisectoral plan for the promotion of health and social wellbeing in Andalusia (Spain)

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto del Plan de Promoción de la Autonomía Personal y Prevención de la Dependencia de Andalucía (2016-2020) en 13 organismos públicos participantes tras su primer año, y analizar la usabilidad y la fiabilidad de la escala de evaluación del impacto que se ha empleado. MÉTODO: El Plan aborda la promoción de la autonomía personal y la prevención de la discapacidad y la dependencia con un enfoque multisectorial. Se estructura en líneas, objetivos y actuaciones que han sido evaluadas mediante la escala Adoption Impact Ladder (AIL). El análisis de la validez simple, la viabilidad y la fiabilidad de la escala se ha realizado en 30 actuaciones evaluadas por 20 expertos de la Administración pública y un evaluador externo independiente. RESULTADOS: En 2017 se pusieron en marcha 176 actuaciones y programas del Plan. Se han implementado el 67,2% de las actuaciones propuestas y solo uno de los 16 objetivos no se ha asociado a actuaciones ejecutadas en el primer año. Siete de los 15 objetivos ejecutados fueron enteramente multisectoriales, involucrando a tres o más consejerías. La validez simple, la viabilidad y la fiabilidad interexaminadores de la escala AIL fueron buenas (κ: 0,72). CONCLUSIONES: El Plan ha proporcionado un marco novedoso para coordinar un amplio rango de políticas y actuaciones en la Administración pública de Andalucía. Por primera vez se presenta un análisis del impacto multisectorial que proporciona una guía efectiva para el seguimiento, la planificación y el establecimiento de prioridades públicas en salud, servicios sociales y atención a personas mayores y personas con discapacidad

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the Plan for the promotion of personal autonomy and prevention of disability in Andalusia (2016-2020) in 13 public administrations during the first year of its implementation; and to analyse the usability and feasibility of the impact assessment ladder used. METHOD: The Plan addresses the promotion of personal autonomy and the prevention of disabilities and dependencies through a multisectoral approach. It is structured in strands or lines of work, objectives and actions that have been assessed through the Adoption Impact Ladder (AIL). The analysis of the face validity, feasibility and inter-rater reliability of the impact assessment ladder was carried out in 30 actions of the Plan that were rated by 20 experts from the 13 ministries and public agencies involved in the Plan, and an external rater. RESULTS: 176 actions and programmes were launched in 2017. Of these, 67.2% were implemented during the first year. Only one of the 16 objectives had no action initiated during the first year. Moreover, 7 out of 15 objectives implemented were fully multisectoral involving more than three Regional Ministries. The face validity, feasibility and inter-rater reliability of the AIL were good (κ: 0.72). CONCLUSIONS: This Plan has provided a novel framework to coordinate a broad range of proposed policies and actions within the public administration of Andalusia. For the first time, a multisectoral impact analysis has been conducted providing an effective guide for monitoring, planning and setting public priorities in health, social services, ageing and disabilities

Evolución de la estructura de clases y el bienestar material en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires contemporánea (2004-2015) / Evolution of class structure and material well-being in the contemporary City of Buenos Aires (2004-2015)

En este artículo analizamos los rasgos que asumió la estructura de clases de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) en el período 2004-2015. Utilizando como fuente de datos, principalmente, la Encuesta Anual de Hogares (EAH) relevada anualmente por la Dirección General de Estadística y Censos del Gobierno de la CABA, nos preguntamos acerca de cómo han evolucionado las clases sociales en términos de tamaño y composición, y cuánto se han distanciado o acercado respecto al bienestar material de los hogares que las conforman. Del análisis de los datos se desprende que la estructura de clases mantiene la configuración signada durante los años noventa, aunque con una relativa composición de la clase obrera calificada y la clase directivo-profesional. Por otro lado, el estudio de los ingresos y el acceso a la vivienda, en tanto dos activos del bienestar material de los hogares, muestra cierta reducción de la desigualdad respecto al primero, pero un fortalecimiento en las brechas respecto a la propiedad de la vivienda. (AU)

History Matters: Racialized Motherhoods and Neoliberalism.

Neoliberal political reasoning is remaking the state's democratic character and its governing rules to reflect those of the market. The most prominent legislative example, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, dictates work requirements, time limits, and monitoring and sanctioning of clients. Through such policies, the primary aims of government assistance changed from aiding needy citizens to transforming individuals into paid workers, regardless of continued poverty or care obligations. Although scholarship of related policy and governance tools has grown, less study has centered on understanding the historic events and ways in which race-based, gendered, and poverty narratives facilitated adoption of such austere policies. This article compares circumstances of African American and White mothers in the United States from the Revolutionary War to the postwelfare era. It describes what neoliberalism is, discusses the role of ideological discourses in policy and governance, presents the history and historical racialized portrayals of White and African American motherhood during this period, and analyzes the differential impact of ideological discourses using a lens of intersectionality. The conclusion discusses how discriminatory discourses subvert a democratic ethos for all and suggests ways for social workers to contest the impacts of neoliberalism.

Family homelessness, subsequent CWS involvement, and implications for targeting housing interventions to CWS-involved families.

BACKGROUND: Homelessness is a risk factor for family involvement with child welfare services (CWS). Housing interventions are promising-but reasons for this are not well understood, and housing resources could be better targeted to families at risk of increased CWS involvement. OBJECTIVE: We sought to better understand the relationship between homelessness and CWS involvement and examine whether homeless shelter data could combine with CWS data to enhance intervention targeting. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: For 4 years, we followed 2063 families investigated by the San Francisco Human Services Agency in 2011. METHODS: Matching CWS data to homeless shelter data, we fit Cox models to examine the relationship between shelter use and subsequent CWS outcomes and produced ROC curves to judge model accuracy with and without shelter information. RESULTS: Absent CWS covariates (family demographics, CWS history, and family safety and risk), past shelter entry predicted repeat maltreatment referral (HR = 1.92, p < .001), in-home case opening (HR = 1.51, p < .05), and child removal (HR = 1.95, p < .01), but not child reunification. With CWS covariates, past shelter use no longer predicted case opening and child removal, but still predicted referral (HR = 1.58, p < .01). Shelter data did not contribute to models' predictive accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: We find mixed evidence that shelter use independently leads to CWS involvement. Housing interventions might help by addressing present housing problems and family experiences correlated with past shelter use. However, we find no evidence that data matches with shelter systems could enhance targeting.

Building Community Partnership to Sustain the Minnesota Student Parent Support Initiative.

PURPOSE: Considerable attention has been given to the sustainability of adolescent health programs as federal funds have become limited. This article describes important steps and lessons learned in seeking buy-in from stakeholders to promote sustainability and secure non-federal funds to maintain the Minnesota Student Parent Support Initiative (MSPSI) after federal funding ended. DESCRIPTION: MSPSI was established in 2010 to address the academic and health needs of expectant and parenting postsecondary students. MSPSI provided coordinated case management and referrals to health, education, and social services for expectant and parenting adolescents, as well as for their children, through Student Parent Centers (SPCs). Six important actions sustained the SPCs after the Office of Population Affairs (OPA) grant funds ended in November 2017: (1) preparing and planning for sustainability, (2) creating and engaging a sustainability committee, (3) assessing sustainability needs and creating a sustainability plan, (4) creating a data system to collect relevant data, (5) building capacity to support communication with decision makers, and (6) sharing data and success stories. ASSESSMENT: The implementation of the sustainability plan resulted in ongoing communications and data sharing with key partners that helped secure additional funds for continuing the program after OPA funding ended. CONCLUSION: Implementing the MSPSI sustainability plan developed from OPA's sustainability framework was effective in sustaining the SPCs after federal funding ended. The sustainability planning, the ability to secure funds, the attempt at passing legislation, and the lessons shared in this article provide valuable guidance to organizations seeking strategies to sustain adolescent health programs.

Magnitud de los determinantes sociales en el riesgo de mortalidad por tuberculosis en el Centro-Oeste de Brasil / Magnitude of social determinants in the risk of death from tuberculosis in Central-west Brazil

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la magnitud de los determinantes sociales en áreas de riesgo para la mortalidad por tuberculosis en una ciudad de alta incidencia de esta enfermedad. MÉTODO: Estudio ecológico que recogió los casos de muerte por tuberculosis registrados entre 2006 y 2016 en la capital del Estado de Mato Grosso (Brasil). Los determinantes sociales se obtuvieron de las Unidades de Desarrollo Humano. Se utilizó la estadística de barrido para identificar las áreas de riesgo de muerte por tuberculosis. Se realizó un análisis de componentes principales para identificar dimensiones de determinantes sociales, y se aplicó regresión logística múltiple para verificar asociaciones entre las dimensiones de los determinantes sociales y el riesgo de muerte por tuberculosis. El error estándar se estableció en un 5% para todas las pruebas estadísticas. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 225 muertes por tuberculosis en el periodo, distribuidas heterogéneamente en el espacio. Se identificó un conglomerado de riesgo para la mortalidad por tuberculosis, con un riesgo relativo de 2,09 (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 1,48-2,94; p = 0,04). Los determinantes sociales «bajo nivel escolar» y «pobreza» se mostraron asociados al riesgo de muerte por tuberculosis (odds ratio [OR]: 2,92; IC95%: 1,17-7,28). La renta presentó asociación negativa con el riesgo de muerte por tuberculosis (OR: 0,05; IC95%: 0,00-0,70). El valor de la curva ROC del modelo fue del 92,1%. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados confirman que el riesgo de muerte por tuberculosis es un problema asociado a los determinantes sociales. Las políticas de salud y los programas de protección social pueden contribuir a enfrentarse a este problema

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the magnitude of social determinants in areas of risk of mortality due to tuberculosis in a high incidence city. METHOD: Ecological study, which recruited the cases of tuberculosis deaths registered between 2006 and 2016 in the capital of Mato Grosso-Brazil. The social determinants were obtained from the Human Development Units. Sweep statistics were used to identify areas of risk of mortality due to tuberculosis. Principal component analysis was carried out to identify dimensions of social determinants. Multiple logistic regression was applied to verify associations between the dimensions of social determinants and the risk of mortality from tuberculosis. A 5% error was fixed. The standard error was established at 5% for all statistical tests. RESULTS: A total of 225 deaths due to tuberculosis were registered in the period, distributed heterogeneously in the space. A cluster of risk for tuberculosis mortality was identified, with RR=2.09 (95%CI: 1.48-2.94; p = 0.04). Social determinants, low educational level and poverty were associated with the risk of mortality due to tuberculosis (OR: 2.92; 95%CI: 1.17-7.28). Income had a negative association with the risk of mortality due to tuberculosis (OR: 0.05; 95%CI: 0.00-0.70). The value of the ROC curve of the model was 92.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirmed that the risk of mortality due to tuberculosis is a problem associated with social determinants. Health policies and social protection programmes can collaborate to address this problem

Introducing a Future-Oriented Approach to Health-Care Technologies and Welfare Policies: An Innovative Ethics Project in Sweden.

This article is a description of a 2-year program (May 2017-April 2019) intended to introduce new approaches to addressing ethical issues resulting from the introduction of new health-care technologies and welfare policies. In contrast to the traditional retrospective approach in addressing ethical issues after they occur, this program intended to address ethical issues proactively, before they occurred. This future-focused approach is one way to better keep up with the acceleration of change that society confronts. This project introduced innovative approaches in dealing with unintended consequences and ethical issues resulting from the implementation of new health-care technologies and welfare policies in the Halland region of Sweden.

The future incidence, prevalence and costs of stroke in the UK.

BACKGROUND: we project incidence and prevalence of stroke in the UK and associated costs to society to 2035. We include future costs of health care, social care, unpaid care and lost productivity, drawing on recent estimates that there are almost 1 million people living with stroke and the current cost of their care is £26 billion. METHODS: we developed a model to produce projections, building on earlier work to estimate the costs of stroke care by age, gender and other characteristics. Our cell-based simulation model uses the 2014-based Office for National Statistics population projections; future trends in incidence and prevalence rates of stroke derived from an expert consultation exercise; and data from the Office for Budget Responsibility on expected future changes in productivity and average earnings. RESULTS: between 2015 and 2035, the number of strokes in the UK per year is projected to increase by 60% and the number of stroke survivors is projected to more than double. Under current patterns of care, the societal cost is projected to almost treble in constant prices over the period. The greatest increase is projected to be in social care costs-both public and private-which we anticipate will rise by as much as 250% between 2015 and 2035. CONCLUSION: the costs of stroke care in the UK are expected to rise rapidly over the next two decades unless measures to prevent strokes and to reduce the disabling effects of strokes can be successfully developed and implemented.

Nurse graduates' experiences and support needs: A qualitative systematic review of South Africa's community service programme.

BACKGROUND: The student-to-nurse graduate transition is a pivotal phase in the professional development of nurses. In South Africa, this transition is part of a compulsory community service programme, which requires newly graduated nurses to work in rural and/or underserved areas for a period of 1 year. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to review nurse graduates' experiences and support needs during their transition in the compulsory community service programme. METHODS: A qualitative systematic review of experiences was conducted. Qualitative research studies that addressed nurses' experience in South Africa (2008-2017) were identified in Cochrane, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, PubMed, SABINET, Science Direct, SCOPUS and Google Scholar databases. The systematic review methods included searching, sifting, abstracting and quality assessment of relevant qualitative studies by two reviewers and cross-checking by a third reviewer. Two reviewers independently performed blinded data extraction and quality assessment using the confidence in qualitative synthesis findings (ConQual) approach. RESULTS: A total of 1257 studies were identified of which 12 met the inclusion criteria. Seven of the 12 studies were published articles and six were theses. The quality of the studies was found to be of high standard based on the ConQual rating. Four main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) rich developmental experiences through practice exposure, (2) difficulties in reconciling theory and practice, (3) contextual challenges in the workplace and (4) need for professional support structures, educational measures and public guidelines. CONCLUSION: Although positive experiences were reported, various challenges emerged, indicating the need for more systematic support mechanisms during transition.

Effectiveness of community organizing interventions on social activities among older residents in Japan: A JAGES quasi-experimental study.

Social activities in the community help older adults maintain functional ability. Community organizing, based on the assessment of health risks, community assets, and fostering intersectoral organizational partnerships, could increase participation opportunities. Supporting municipality staff members in building their capacity to take those actions might benefit them. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of such support remains unclear. This real-world-setting study evaluated the effectiveness of providing support for municipality health sectors in relation to older residents' social activities. Based on the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES), a nationwide study of community-dwelling older adults, from 2013 to 2016 researchers collaborated with health sector staff members in 13 participating municipalities (intervention group) in utilizing the JAGES-based community assessment data and building organizational partnerships. The remaining 12 municipalities (control) obtained the data only. We analyzed the longitudinal data of 47,106 older residents, performing a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis, weighted by the inverse of propensity to be selected for the intervention group, allowing for a multilevel (municipality/individual) data structure. In the intervention group, the estimated group participation prevalence in men increased by 10.4 percentage points from 47.5% to 57.9%, while in the control group, participation increased by 7.9 percentage points from 47.2% to 55.0% (DID estimated = 0.025, P = 0.011). No statistically significant difference between the two groups was observed among women (P = 0.131). Support for community organizing may improve group participation among older male residents. The community-attributable impact could be large, given that the intervention has the potential to work for all older residents in the municipality.

The influence of welfare state factors on nursing professionalization and nursing human resources: A time-series cross-sectional analysis, 2000-2015.

AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between welfare states and nursing professionalization indicators. DESIGN: We used a time-series, cross-sectional design. The analysis covered 16 years and 22 countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and the United States, allocated to five welfare state regimes: Social Democratic, Christian Democratic, Liberal, Authoritarian Conservative, and Confucian. METHODS: We used fixed-effects linear regression models and conducted Prais-Winsten regressions with panel-corrected standard errors, including a first-order autocorrelation correction. We applied the Amelia II multiple imputation strategy to replace missing observations. Data were collected from March-December 2017 and subsequently updated from August-September 2018. RESULTS: Our findings highlight positive connections between the regulated nurse and nurse graduate ratios and welfare state measures of education, health, and family policy. In addition, both outcome variables had averages that differed among welfare state regimes, the lowest being in Authoritarian Conservative regimes. CONCLUSION: Additional country-level and international comparative research is needed to further study the impact of a wide range of structural political and economic determinants of nursing professionalization. IMPACT: We examined the effects of welfare state characteristics on nursing professionalization indicators and found support for the claim that such features affect both the regulated nurse and nurse graduate ratios. These findings could be used to strengthen nursing and the nursing workforce through healthy public policies and increase the accuracy of health human resources forecasting tools.